Young carers are those who are under 18 that help to look after a relative with a disability, illness, mental health condition, or drug or alcohol problem.

In recent years, the value of debate and debating skills has been increasingly recognized in society. As a result, more people are seeking to learn debate not only for personal development and intellectual enrichment but also for university admissions and job preparation. In response to this trend, for-profit enterprises are capitalizing on this demand by launching businesses focused on debate-related services. Notable examples include Edudrift, PDA, Mixidea, and Prism.

In a league system, each team competes against every other team at least once. Standings are determined by the results of these matches. Typically, each team plays the same number of matches, except under specific exceptions. This format is characterized by its round-robin structure, ensuring that all teams have the opportunity to compete against each other.

In contrast, a tournament system determines the winner through elimination rounds. Teams face off in matches, and only the winners progress. Teams that lose a match are immediately eliminated from the competition, culminating in a final match to determine the overall winner.

The heritability of IQ is estimated to be about 70% (meaning that genetics is responsible for 70% of the factors which decide IQ).

There exists a machine that can simulate the conditions of living in absolute poverty for one year. The simulation itself takes about a few hours, but the person in the simulation feels the passing of time as "real". People would not experience death, but everything else is a 100% copy of living in absolute poverty.

A “relationship credit score” is a score that is given to an individual based on a number of set rules, where good behavior in relationships improves one’s score and bad behavior in relationship decreases one’s score. Any individual can access another's score via a website. For the sake of debate, assume that relationship credit score organizations have access to the necessary information to score on a set of criteria.

In March 2024, the US House of Representatives passed a bipartisan bill that would force China-based TikTok developer ByteDance to either give up its ownership of the app within 6 months or face a ban in the US. The bill was passed out of concern over Chinese control over a major news source, and a Chinese national security law that requires Chinese companies to share information with the government on request. The bill is now awaiting a decision from the Senate.

"Therapy speak" refers to the significant expansion of psychological and medical language and concepts to daily life, outside of the academic context. This could include but is not limited to:

• using terms like "toxic" or "gaslighting" when talking about interactions, friendships, or relationships in situations that do not meet the academic definition of these terms
• referring to the urge to tidy up as "OCD", or a temporary inability to focus as "ADHD"
• partaking in speculative psychiatric diagnoses of others, including public figures

Fee-for-service (FFS) refers to a payment model where hospitals are paid for each specific service they provide, such as examinations, prescriptions, and treatments.

In contrast, diagnosis-related groups (DRG) represent a system where a daily rate for payment is predetermined by the state based on the diagnosis or reason for a patient's hospital stay. Under this system, this set payment is made for every day that the patient stays in hospital. All services provided are funded from this daily rate, and any remaining funds become the hospital's revenue. Notably, certain costly services like surgeries, expensive medications, and radiation therapy are considered exceptions and are billed separately per service.

An internal locus of control (LOC) points to the idea that you are in control of the outcomes of the decisions you make.

On the other hand, an external locus of control points to the idea that the outcomes of the decisions you make are out of your control, and rather determined by outside factors or random chance.

Religious Syncretism is the practice of blending cultural/religious indigenous practices with different religious beliefs (for example, the Catholic Church merging traditional saints with local deities in Latin America). 

Religious Independence is the belief that one's religion must remain tied to a unique set of religious teachings that contain the truth about humanity and divinity.

“Spiritual but not religious (SBNR)" points to a group of people who self-identify as spiritual (believe in higher power(s), life after death, supernatural beings, superstitions etc.), but do not affiliate themselves with a particular organized religion.

"Olive Financing" refers to the practice where private financial institutions provide funding for renewable projects undertaken by companies that are significant polluters in other areas of their operations (e.g. companies transitioning from 'brown'  to 'green'.)

Hunter Schafer is a 25 year old male to female transgender model and actress who rose to fame playing a trans character in the hit drama Euphoria. Although she is an active advocate on LGBT issues, she has recently stated that she no longer wants to play transgender roles, and that being reduced to simply a trans actress was “demeaning to me and what I want to do”.

Nightshade is a program developed at the University of Chicago which is designed to help artists protect their art from being used as learning data for generative AI. It works by introducing a set of minimal changes to artworks, such that it appears unchanged to the human eye but dramatically different to AI models, making them actively harmful to AI learning.

A flexitarian diet is a diet centered on plant foods, with limited or occasional inclusion of meat. For example, a flexitarian might eat meat only some days each week.